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The Compromise of 1790 comprised the political accommodations〔Ellis, 2000, p. 49〕 that led to the passage of the Residence and Assumption Acts in July, 1790, overcoming a protracted legislative deadlock in Congress.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 50〕 The compromise averted a political crisis that contemporaries believed would undermine the newly organized American nation and lead to disunion.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 78〕〔Burstein & Isenberg, 2010, p. 217, p. 220〕 At the center of the debate lay commercial versus agrarian sources of wealth,〔Ellis, 2000, p. 65〕 and the authority of the new central government to promote urban and industrial development 〔Staloff, 2005, p. 313〕 at the expense of westward agricultural expansion.〔Staloff, 2005, p. 314〕 Statesmen at both the federal and state level sought to break the legislative deadlock over “assumption” and “residence” through unofficial negotiations. A number of clandestine meetings and political dinners〔Ellis, 2000, p. 78〕 were held in New York City - then serving as the nation’s temporary capital - in the summer of 1790.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 69〕 The “dinner table bargain” 〔Ellis, 2000, p. 51〕〔Burstein & Isenberg, 2010, p. 218〕 refers to a pivotal episode in the final stages of these compromise efforts. Based on an account given to us by former Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson two years after the event, the “dinner”〔Ellis, 2000, p. 48〕 was a private meeting between Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton and U.S. House of Representative member James Madison.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 51〕 Shortly after the Assumption Bill failed for a second time in June in the House, Secretary of the Treasury Hamilton, despairing that his financial plan would be scuttled, appealed to the newly appointed Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson to apply his influence on the matter.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 48〕〔Staloff, 2005, p. 313〕〔.Malone, 1960, p. 261〕 According to Jefferson’s account, he arranged the dinner for the two officials at his residence in New York City on or about June 20, 1790.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 49〕 The meeting produced a political settlement on the “assumption” and “residency” crisis.〔Staloff, 2005 p. 313〕 Jefferson described the encounter between the men at his lodgings on 57 Maiden Lane in New York City: The key provision of Secretary Hamilton’s First Report on the Public Credit won approval with the passage of the Assumption Bill, establishing the foundation for public credit.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 80〕 The Residence Bill located the permanent U.S. capitol in the agrarian states of Maryland and Virginia, the demographic center of the country at the time, 〔Ellis, 2000, p. 70, p. 79〕 rather than in a metropolitan and financial center such as New York or Philadelphia.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 80〕〔Burstein & Isenberg, 2010, pp. 219–220〕 Jefferson and Madison secured a lucrative debt adjustment for their state of Virginia from Hamilton as part of the bargain.〔Ellis, 2000, pp. 96–97〕〔Staloff, 2005, p. 73〕 Hamilton, Madison, and Jefferson “as highly placed as they were, lacked the influence to determine by themselves the vote on two such controversial pieces of legislation”,〔Burstein & Isenberg, 2010, p. 218〕 and the outcome was beyond the direct control of any single group or individual.〔Burstein & Isenberg, 2010, p. 219〕 The Compromise of 1790 stands as “the first great compromise of the new federal government”〔Staloff, 2005, p. 313〕 with “a decidedly far-reaching significance”.〔Ellis, 2000, p. 49〕 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Compromise of 1790」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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